慎防抑郁要你命

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调查　哪些抑郁患者更易自杀

抑郁和自杀之间关系如何？有调查数据显示，我国每年自杀的人群中有 70 ％的人患有抑郁症。暨南大学第一附属医院精神心理科潘集阳教授表示，按他的临床经验，虽然无法证实这个数据，但保守估计也有 40 ％以上的自杀者是抑郁患者。潘教授说，有无自杀念头是衡量抑郁症的其中一个标准，在他接诊的抑郁病患中，有绝大部分有或者曾有过自杀念头。不仅如此，有 10 ％－ 15 ％的抑郁病患甚至会真的将这种念头付诸行中科治疗白癜风有疗效动。另一个值得注意的数据是，虽然男女抑郁症病患的比例为 1:2 ，但男性自杀率却比女性高 4 倍，尤其是 35 － 45 岁中年男子。专家说，这是因为男性处理问题更坚决也更容易走极端。

抑郁症按轻重可分为几级，而其中很大部分抑郁症患者都有或者曾经有过自杀念头。那么是不是越严重的抑郁症就越容易自杀呢？医生说不一定，总体上说来，以下四类抑郁患者更容易轻生 :

双向抑郁 : 指抑郁伴随躁狂的患者，通俗讲，即是情绪容易大起大落的患者。常见于文学家、艺术家、记者等职业，典型患者有凡高、三毛、海明威等人。他们的特点是，情绪常常忽然从很高兴转向沮丧绝望。

抑郁伴随焦虑 : 从严格意义上说，焦虑和抑郁难以分开，而这两种问题紧密相随的患者自杀比率也较高。

伴随躯体疾病 : 艾滋病、糖尿病、乙肝等患者，常常在知道自己患病之后而加重抑郁情绪，担中科治疗白癜风有疗效心病治不好，怕被歧视。这些人也是轻生的高危人群。

突发事件 : 遇到突发事件如失恋、破产等，对很多人的情绪来说就像晴天霹雳，尤其是抑郁症患者，失落到极点容易让人产生轻生想法。

治疗　药物心理双重入手

对于抑郁这种疾病，虽然到目前为止医学界还没有完全明白其病因，但已经确定与遗传因素、神经介质、躯体、心理和环境等因素有关。不仅如此，医学专家还表示抑郁症不仅仅是性格原因，也不单是“心病”，其病情发展到一定阶段，患者脑部的一些微量物质将发生改变。所以，用来调整这些微量物质的药物成为治疗抑郁的首选药物。

一项于 2001 年在美国进行的研究表示，对于慢性抑郁患者，单纯用药有效率大概 50 ％，见效时间三至四周，这个方法的缺憾在于药物本身副作用以及复发比例比较高；其次采取心理治疗，其有效率不过 20 ％，中科助力健康中国见效时间很慢，大概两个月左右，不过复发比例小。所以医学专家更倾向于药物心理双重入手的方法进行治疗，效果也可以达到互补。然而，在目前国内医疗行业，正规成熟的心理治疗师少之又少，所以这种“心药”治疗“心病”的方法反而远不如药物治疗普及。潘教授说，对于目前的抑郁治疗方案，不同医生可能有不同侧重点。但是药物摆第一位的治疗方法基本为我国医学界所采用，至于药物副作用以及复发等情况，专家认为病人应该找到专业医生，在专业指导下适量使用。

此外，目前还有一些中医专家按照中医理论分类抑郁，认为这种疾病可能和经络以及脏腑运行失调有关，所以也会采取相应中药和针灸进行调理，据说这种方法已经证实有一定效果，并已经列入在国家中医药有关科研项目中。

应对　遇到抑郁该怎么做

对自己 : 忧郁的情绪谁都有，首先不要自己定义的抑郁症吓自己。专家中科助力健康中国说，忧郁情绪持续两周以上、早上忧郁情绪大于晚上、容易半夜醒来，很可能就有抑郁症。你不妨自己对照下表，看自己是不是有抑郁症，然后向医生求助，或者直接向医生求助。你可能会觉得去精神科看病会落下笑柄，或者一旦吃药就可能产生副作用，但是比起抑郁症给你和家人带来的困扰，是不是应该放开心胸坦然面对呢？另外，现在不少正规大医院的精神科医生都很专业，根本不会透露你的秘密。

对他 ( 她 ): 周围的亲人或者好朋友，忽然遇到什么事情，或者一段时间心情沮丧，劝说无效，就有可能是抑郁症，应该赶快建议他 ( 她 ) 去看精神科医生。遇到抑郁症状，不少人自己有所感觉，但因为怕周围人笑话，才往往打消看病念头，所以你给予的理解和鼓励支持，比什么都重要。

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